Reputation Thesis Essay

Hashib, 2 In Shakespeare’s Othello, the main characters Cassio and Iago portray how important reputation can be. Iago uses his reputation as an advantage; he manipulates Cassio, Othello and his wife Emilia. No one knows that Iago has two colors and is masking his true self. Othello is under the impression that Iago is an honest man, and he puts his faith and trust on him. Iago starts hinting that Desdemona is being unfaithful to Othello, â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you ;( III, iii, 206-208). Othello becomes paranoid and doubtful and becomes doubtful of his wife. Iago had malice towards Cassio and he convinces Cassio by telling him to drink for Othello and Desdemona. Cassio becomes drunk and starts to get in a fight. Othello dismisses Cassio for getting heavily drunk and disobeying his orders. Cassio understands he has lost his reputation, however he doesn’t know that he was part of an evil plot set by Iago. â€Å"O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial† (2. 3. 251-3) Charlie Sheen, the star of the hit sitcom Two and a Half Men has entertained people with his witty dialogues. After his split with his wife he turned to cocaine, alcohol and prostitutes. Media frenzy quickly arose around Sheen’s drug and alcohol problems. Stan Rosenfield described Charlie’s â€Å"12 step call† to a fellow drug addict in night-time rehab (Woman’ Day 1). Charlie Sheen was kicked out of the show Two and Half men. His one mistake changed his whole life and reputation in a negative way. Hashib, 3 A person’s reputation is directly parallel to his/her actions. Iago says â€Å"Reputation is an idle and/ most false imposition, oft got without merit and/ lost without deserving,† (II, iii, 267-269). People often makes judgments based on a person’s reputation. In today’s society our reputation is a big part of our lives. We can never control our reputation but only influence it. Hashib, 4 Works Consulted Traskos, Kevin T. â€Å"Kill All The Lawyers? : Shakespeare Legal Appeal. †Ã‚  Go. galegroup. com. N. p. , 9 Jan. 2013. We b. 12 Jan. 2013. . Charlie Shaeen’s Bizarre Meltdown. â€Å"Women’ Day [ Australia] 10 May 2010. General Onefile. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA226779267&v=2. 1&u=nysl_me_77_bnchs&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Shakespeare, William. Othello. Washington: The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1993. Print. Hashib, 5 Works Citied Charlie Shaeen’s Bizarre Meltdown. â€Å"Women’ Day [ Australia] 10 May 2010. General Onefile. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA226779267&v=2. 1&u=nysl_me_77_bnchs&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Shakespeare, William. Othello. Washington: The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1993. Print. Traskos, Kevin T. â€Å"Kill All The Lawyers? : Shakespeare Legal Appeal. †Ã‚  Go. galegroup. com. N. p. , 9 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. . A person’s reputation is directly parallel to his/her actions. Name: S. M Hashib Period: 7 Class: E7

African Empires in the Early Modern Period: (1450-1750) Essay

One of the comparative topics in this time period is â€Å"empire building† in Africa. The AP Jedi Masters want you to know only one of the following: (Kongo, Benin, Oyo, Dahomey, Ashanti or Songhay) – so they probably are not going to ask you to compare two African Kingdoms since they stated you only need to know one – so they could ask you to compare the process of â€Å"empire building† in Africa to that in: (Asia, Latin America or Europe) – but I am providing you with information from three African Empires – just in case – and each if from a different region in Sub-Saharan Africa – so different historical forces to consider. The Kongo (c. 14th – 17th century) Located on the western coastal region of Central Africa – along the Congo river. Centralized state – with officials overseeing military, judicial, and financial affairs. The empire was divided into regions – and governors who were usually related to the King oversaw those areas – some areas were allowed to continue to rule as long as they recognized the superiority of the Kongo King – they had to report to him yearly for inspection and â€Å"renewal† of their title. The empire was financed both by the taxing of trade as well as a head tax collected by local administers and sent to the capital. Songhay: (West Africa – Sudanic Empire) (Mid 1400’s – Mid-1600’s) ï‚ · As the power of the Mali continued in the 1400’s a state within the Empire was able to obtain its independence – this was called the Songhay Empire with its capital in the trading city of Gao. The height of the Empire came under the leadership of Sunni Ali who ruled from 1464-1493. He built an elaborate administrative and military apparatus to oversee affairs in his realm. The Kingdom of the Asante (1680-1900) The Asante were one of the Akanspeaking peoples who settled in the forest region of modern Ghana between the 11thand 13th centuries. The separate Asante chiefdoms were united by Osei Tutu in the 1670s and in 1696 he took the title of Asantehene (king) and founded the Asante empire. Asante was the only part of Africa where rich agricultural and mineral resources coincided. With its capital at Kumasia only 30 miles south of the northern forest edge – it could draw on both forest and savanna produce some of the traditional crops were: plantains, yams, and rice. The Portuguese arrived in the late 15th century – Kings of the Kongo converted to Christianity as a way to establish closer commercial relations with Portuguese merchants and diplomatic relations with the Portuguese King. He appointed governors to oversee provinces and maintained a professional army, with a cavalry and navy of small boats and canoes – which were able to patrol the Niger River. He extended his empire over the areas formally controlled by the Mali rulers – he conquered the cities of Timbuktu and Jenne (which took him 7 years of siege warfare – he finally married its Queen to solidify his rule). From the capital city of Gao the Songhay rulers presided over a prosperous empire that participated in the transSaharan trade that brought: Salt, textiles and metal goods in exchange for gold and slaves. Despite the fact that the rulers were Islamic and supported Islamic institutions: mosques / universities – the vast majority of the populace remained non-Muslim. The Songhay meet their demise in 1591 when they took on a Moroccan army armed with musket gun – the defeat left open an opportunity for regions to revolt against Songhay administration. Kongo Kings appreciated the fact that Christianity offered a strong endorsement of their monarchical rule – the new faith was convenient also because the saints of the Roman Catholic Church were similar to spirits long recognized in Kongolese religions. For the first number of years Portugal and the Kingdom of the Kongo dealt with each other with a certain level of equality – they exchanged ambassadors and a number of Portuguese went to Kongo: advisors, priests, soldiers, tailors, shoemakers, masons, and minors. One of the most important Kings of the Kongo was: Nzinga Mbemba – also known as King Afonso I (1506-1542) – he was a devout Roman Catholic and actively sought out to convert all his subjects to Christianity – he attended religious services daily and always studied the Bible. Trade and relations with Portugal brought wealth and foreign recognition to the Kongo – items such as: ivory, copper and slaves were exchanged for European: textiles, weapons (guns, guns, guns)!!!! – remember that during this time period (1450-1750) Europeans were â€Å"colonizing† the Western Hemisphere – as this time period went on the demand for slaves increased – this dramatically impacted societies such as the Kongo – one King during the 16th century – himself had 20,000 slaves in his household. However – the vast majority of wealth of the empire was in its gold deposits – the Europeans would call this the â€Å"Gold Coast† – which they used to buy European guns – which further solidified the power of the Asante over nearby regions which did not have access. Guns were also obtained by providing the Europeans with slaves – the notorious â€Å"El Mina† – a fortress built along the coast where slaves were housed until departure across the Atlantic was built on Ghana’s coast. Other items brought by the Europeans were: iron, horses, cloth, tobacco and finished manufactured goods. Historians sometimes speak about Asante’s â€Å"metropolitan† and â€Å"provincial† spheres. â€Å"Metropolitan† Asante consisted primarily of the towns in a fifty-mile radius around Kumasi. The rulers of these towns, many of whom were related to the ruling family, participated in the enthronement of Asante kings, served on the king’s advisory council, and retained considerable autonomy. Eventually the relationship between Portugal and the Kongo worsened because the Portuguese desire for more and more slave pushed them to negotiate with other regions around the Kongo – some of with were enemies of the Kongo while others were protectorates – the authority of the Kongolese King was undermined – which led to war with the two nations. The Songhay empire crumbled into a series of small regional kingdoms – and with the arrival of the Europeans and the redirection of trade towards the coastline – the Sudanic Empires ceased to play a prominent role in West African politics. By contrast, outlying regions were more clearly subordinate and were forced to pay tribute to the Asante rulers. The most distant districts of the state which were populated by non-Akan people annually sent thousands of slaves to Kumasi. They placed all trade under state agencies controlled by the Asante King, and created a complex bureaucracy to govern and collect taxes. Asante achieved a high degree of administrative efficiency (its wellmaintained roads, for example, were famous) and the ability to implement sophisticated fiscal policies.

Alien

The airport seemed like a morgue in the Dark Ages through my toddler eyes. Everyone looked ill with excess travel, sick from impatience. Menacing towers, which looked to be in fact, men, glared at me as if I were someone to suspect. As if I didn’t belong. The expansive line of Immigrations painfully edged forward, but my mind scampered away to curiosity. What was India like? Was I going to enjoy it? What was I going to do there? We finally reached the stern officer in sky blue, equipped with a stately handlebar moustache. He and my dad exchanged sympathetic glances and polite greetings, as if they were old friends, seeing each other for the first time in years. He did the same for my mother and sister, but stopped at me. â€Å"Born in the USA? What is this boy doing in an airport in India?† Everyone laughed, but I didn’t. Regardless of what he meant, it hurt my toddler mind deeply. For the first time in my life, I felt different. I felt guilty of my presence, guilty to be who I was. As I walked into the streets of India, the kids stared at me for quite some time, and chattered accusingly amongst themselves. I did not dress like them. I did not act like them. I did not talk like them. I felt like the aliens I had read about so avidly from the comics back home. I tried fervently to make myself the epitome of a native Indian boy, but my relatives constantly hindered my progress. Cricket is like baseball. Flats are apartments. Auto-rickshaws are like taxies. I constantly reminded myself these things, but no matter how hard I tried, these concepts would not stick. Language became a ruthless and unforgiving adversary. My parents had prepped me well prior to the trip, yet still I was hit with unfamiliar phrases. While my accent was consistent, constructing the words proved to be a grueling task. I realized any slight mistake could question the quality of my parents’ teaching, and slowly I stopped talking. I was limited to a stubborn shake of the head for no, and an eager nod for yes. I was always the quiet one, the one who said very little, but they didn’t know why. I wouldn’t let them know, for my alien nature would be exposed. Years come and go with new perspectives. The toddler state of mind was black and white, frank and simplistic. I was so driven by stubborn anger and frustration that I never really tried or wanted to search for the answers I needed. Questions of doubt and difference gradually became answered by my friends, schoolmates, and teachers. We all realized our experiences were not so seclusive, and countless stories met laughs of recognition and understanding. Time allowed for me to accumulate the points that define who I am, whether it is by a distressing day at Immigrations, or the inability to master a language. By birth and by residency, I am an American. But, by the principals I abide to and the traditions I willfully obey, I am an Indian. I don’t feel different anymore. Rather, I feel honored to have the opportunity to share and experience two cultures simultaneously. The polarity of the two nations sometimes proves to be troublesome, but also adds a contrast that intrigues me t o the point of enlightenment. It now seems amusing to imagine a confused little boy, paranoid of his imminent transformation into an unknown being. Paranoid of becoming an unfamiliar creature in unfamiliar territory; not able to identify with his environment. I was once an alien.

Twelve Angry Men Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Twelve Angry Men Analysis Paper - Essay Example At the start of their deliberations, all the jurors pass a guilty verdict against the defendant except one juror. This forces the juror to examine the evidence and after tireless arguments, they emerge with a not guilty verdict. Analysis Due process is one of the major principles of American jurisprudence, which is enshrined in the fifth amendment of the constitution. Due process requires that no person be detained to respond for a capital, or an infamous offense, except on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury. Before a person is convicted on a criminal offence, due process requires that the Jury come to a unanimous decision. Lack of a unanimous guilty verdict in the first vote in Twelve Angry men, ensures that the jury re-examines the evidence until not all of them vote guilty as their verdict. This is to ensure that the correct verdict has been reached which is a sign of agreement by all the jurors, solidarity, and unity and to prove that the decision lacks any doubt. A unan imous decision will also ensure that the accused does not face another trial (Siegel, Schmalleger and Worrall 39). Due process also requires that the prosecution prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt to ensure that the jury returns a conviction of guilty. In case the Prosecution fails to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt, then the defendant will always be acquitted. Proving guilt beyond reasonable doubt also ensures that the prosecution has given enough evidence to show that evidence establishes a particular point to a moral certainty and that it is beyond dispute that any reasonable alternative is possible (Siegel, Schmalleger and Worrall 44). The prosecution could not prove their case beyond reasonable doubt in Twelve Angry Men hence the jury’s decision to come back with a not guilty verdict. Due process of law requires a presumption of innocence by the government on a criminal in case of lack of any contrary evidence. Presumption of innocence is applied in due process to ensure that the government proves the case of the defendant beyond reasonable doubt. The defendant in this case is presumed innocent before the hearing and when due process takes effect, he is found not guilty because the prosecution’s case could not be proved beyond reasonable doubt. A defendant in any criminal case has a right to a jury of his peers. This ensures that the defendant gets a fair verdict, which will be morally held and cannot be contested (Siegel, Schmalleger and Worrall 56). One of the jurors who voted the defendant guilty at first is juror 3. He has preconceived notions about the case and quite antagonistic to juror 8 who votes not guilty. He is a temperamental man who loses his temper whenever anyone opposes his ideas. He has a bad relationship with his son and this makes him to judge the defendant guilty for his crime due to his problems at home. He argues that based on the evidence provided, the case was simple and straightforward thus his conviction that the defendant is guilty. He however changes his mind and is the last person to vote not guilty after coming to terms with his problem. Juror 10, Ed Begley is one of the jurors who show prejudice in terms of his judgment. He votes guilty at the start because he believes that the defendant comes from the ghetto and people from the ghetto kill

Water Management in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water Management in India - Research Paper Example The challenges of water management in India stem from resource problems whereby the protection of water sources is yet to be effective. Deforestation along with other hazardous activities threatens the water sources of the Asian giant. Moreover, infrastructural parameters hinder the achievement of full access to water by many residents of India. Though, the water problem in India is more visible in cities particularly slums. As a result, numerous organizations both local and international along with government agencies have focused on water supply in slum areas. The management of water in India is closely related to hygiene because the access to water is the only way to guarantee good hygiene in the society. Therefore, improving water supply is considered central towards enhancing the standards of hygiene. This paper evaluates water management in India through a number of perspectives to bring out the current state of water administration in the Indian subcontinent along with its rel evant effects on life. Primary issues will be listed and discussed regarding how they influence water management. Major organizations in the process of water administration will be discussed. One of the primary issues in India regarding water management is the utilization of water for agricultural purposes. Owing to the unreliable weather of India, certain areas are dependant of water for irrigation purposes. The insufficiency of rain makes farmers become dependant on water supply for agricultural use.

New Business Idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

New Business Idea - Essay Example Consequently, I am thinking of developing an application linked with groceries appraisal, or cooking receipts with what you have in your fridge which will be a new innovative idea for the success of the business. The application would be easy to access and would provide assistance regarding the food preparation for every individual from kids to adults. It is observed that people get frustrated if they are supposed to have the same food on a daily basis. Moreover, it is frustrating for the people to think what to cook so that people enjoy the food at the dinner. The application linked with the food will be simple and easy to access for every individual having the smartphones. This application will be useful as after the long day of hard work people might not be in a mood to cook food as per the preference of every individual. This application would be one of the effective methods in solving the issue for that you will simply have to open the fridge to comprehend the availability at ho me and input the ingredients that you can see in the app page. After the inputs are made the application within a few seconds will prompt the best options available that can be prepared by the individual. Besides, a small description will be displayed through the app regarding the preparation of the food so that it will be easier for the people to cook their food. The app will showcase the nutritional value of the food so that the individual is aware of the fact that how much calorie a person is going to intake.

Applicationof nursing process to delivery cultural competent care to Research Paper

Applicationof nursing process to delivery cultural competent care to Haitian Americans - Research Paper Example The immigrants faced a huge test of survival in the new lands. Most of the Haitians, however, had fled to France. This was because of the French policy of assimilation, which saw most educated Haitians go to France. Over time, the number of Haitians living in the US has increased. According to the 1990 census conducted in the United States, there were more than 290,000 Haitians in the United States (Zephir, 2004). This figure, however, does not include the tens of thousands who live in the US illegally. Being of the black race, and with the historical racial segregation of the US, the Haitians have always faced a huge task of being accepted into the community. Like most other Blacks, they have faced political as well as social discrimination from the whites of the United States. This made survival for the Haitians a very difficult endeavor. Today, however, the Haitian Americans as well as other ethnic groups from the black race are a strong part of the American

The Divine Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Divine Model - Essay Example The name Ramayana is a compound of Rama and ayana meaning going or advancing which translates to the travels of Rama. The Ramayana is made up of 24,000 verses in seven cantos and narrates the story of a prince Ayodhya known as Rama. Ramas wife Sita is possessed by the demon king of Lanka, Ravana. Rama is the stand out character in the epic tale that has brought much inspiration to many people (Banker 74). Throughout the tale, he is portrayed as a reincarnation of the god Vishnu. As the eldest and most loved son of King Dasharatha from Ayodhya, Rama grows to be loved and respected by many subjects. King Dasharatha out of love for Kaikeyi, one of his wives, succumbs to pressure to order Rama to forfeit his position as the rightful heir to the throne for her son. The King also forces Rama out on exile and Rama is left with no option but to go on exile. During his time in exile, Rama encounters and kills Ravana, the daemon King, marking a turning point in his life. Rama is considered a deity who is worshipped by Hindus. Every year, pilgrims celebrate his divinity by marking the route of his journey. Hindus consider Rama as an incarnation of god Vishnu, whose purpose was to give mankind a sense of direction by demonstrating a righteous and holy way of life. Throughout the reincarnation, Rama portrayed a lot of character traits that made him stand out as a true divine reincarnation of god. They include; Rama portrays exemplary leadership traits with supernatural aspects (Kessler and Wong-MingJi 308). When Rama was in exile, Ravana the demon king abducted the beautiful Sita, taking her away with an aerial chariot. When Rama heard of this, he embarked on a quest to rescue her. Rama was able to know the whereabouts of Sita through the help of wild bears and monkey tribes. It was through Ramas leadership that an army of monkeys were raised to help fight Ravana. In the end, Ravana,

Marks and Spencers Competitive Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Marks and Spencers Competitive Advantage - Essay Example This paper illustrates that strategic management is related to the complexity which arises from ambiguous as well as non-routine circumstances organization-wide. It is an important management technique for the managers to control the available resources of the business organization on a day-to-day basis for the development of the company. Since strategic management is related to the difficult and complex issues of a business organization under consideration; therefore these issues also include business decisions and judgments. These decisions and judgments are based on the conceptualization of complex issues. The business-level strategy of the company is an important issue of strategic management for any organization which helps the company to acquire the greater competitive advantage in the market. The business-level strategies comprise of two sets. The first set of strategy is related to the ‘bases of competitive strategy’. This set of strategies included competitive b usiness strategies related to prices of goods and services, product and quality differentiation and hybrid and focus. The second set of strategies includes business strategies which are related to the aim of the business organization to achieve competitive advantage. These strategies include sustainability strategies, hypercompetitive strategies, and collaboration strategies. Competitive strategy is regarded as the most important element which is applied by business organizations to acquire the greater competitive advantage in the market. This strategy includes pricing strategies, differentiation strategies etc. to achieve the desired goal. These strategies affect the preference and choice patterns of customers and thus help the business unit to reach its desired destination of higher competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is acquired by business units through effective differentiation of products based on proper environmental and societal conditions and performances.

Business & Markets In A Global Environment (Assessment 1 ) Case Study

Business & Markets In A Global Environment (Assessment 1 ) - Case Study Example ve to take into consideration the importance of having an interconnected society that allows for quick movements across the world, and consider investments across the divide. The dissemination of knowledge allows for easier maximization of skills and knowledge, with companies looking for different ways of outsourcing services to reduce the costs of operation and make their products affordable by all. General Motors (GM) is a global multinational automaker that has remained at the top of the industries for several decades. The increasing globalization continues to boost its presence and the growth of its market share is a key evidence of its presence in the global market. Globalization, therefore, is an effective way of understanding the merits and demerits of dealing with increased connectivity across the world. GM continues to take advantage of globalization by making use of its subsidiaries to produce its vehicles at a cheaper price. The aim is to create a platform where the company can reduce its operating costs, increase its manufacturing ability, and increase the number of units sold annually. This has made the company look for different means of outsourcing cheaper skills yet effective in meeting its ultimate goals of being a quality automaker in the world (Dunne, 2011). Its branches across the world all have their different aims and objectives, and that provides different attributes that ought to take the center stage during each manufacturing process. The needs of the locals must be met to make the company a favorite amongst its core producers. Headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, GM has been in existence since 1909. It continues to provide the world with a variety of automobiles from its facilities. It has expanded its brands to thirteen with production in 37 countries, and owning majority stakes in a myriad other companies across the world. This has made it one of the largest companies in the automobile industry, serving as a designer, a manufacturer,

Summary of Dr. Faustus Essay Example for Free

Summary of Dr. Faustus Essay ?Christopher Marlowe was an older contemporary of William Shakespeare. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is his best known work. Christopher Marlowe based his play Doctor Faustus on stories about a scholar and magician, Johann Faust, who allegedly sold his soul to the devil to gain magical powers. Born in 1488, the original Faust wandered through his German homeland until his death in 1541. In 1587, the first story about his life appeared in Germany. What Marlowe creates out of the story is a Medieval morality- play with a late Renaissance temper. In Doctor Faustus, Marlowe has made good use of a conventional Christian doctrine. Faustus strives against human limitation to the point of selling his soul. He is not only a seeker for power but also a knower and a desirer to know. The play begins with Dr. Faustus shown in his study, where he is deciding upon which field to specialise in- Analytics or Logic. Dissatisfied with his human status, he would like to have magical powers of making men live eternally and bringing back the dead to life. He rejects divine learning also, because it is based on a recognition of man’s morality and fallibility. For most of the play, the chorus sets the motion of the drama. The first Act establishes the unscholarly attitude of Faustus and also the base for his tragedy- a poor bargain eventually made with the devil that will leave him devastated in the end. The subplot of Wagner, the scholars and the clown dramatises Faustus’ predicament in very crude terms and have certain comical elements in it. Act 2 outlines the tragedy with greater depth. Faustus’s rebellion against human nature is quite desperate, because it loses more than it gains. But Faustus is â€Å"resolved† and shall â€Å"never repent†. He finally signs the pact with the devil, giving away his soul in return for the services of limitless knowledge. Acts 3 and 4 are basically about the kind of life Faustus is now leading with the help of Mephistophilis and other minions of the devil. Faustus seeks and Mephistophilis plans, rather a series of comic indulgences mainly to distract the former’s mind from the tormenting religious awareness. The final Act brings a climatic end of Faustus. The 24 years of the agreement comes to an end and with that, the sad realisation that all knowledge, wealth and power of the world were futile in comparison to having an everlasting place in heaven. The keynote of the final monologue of Faustus, before the devil takes him, is a feeling of pity and terror which all great tragedies are expected to arouse. Marlowe had a twofold aim in the play. He would write a morality play and hence the substantial stasis can be highlighted along with the comedy and the undramaticality of the play associated with the morality tradition. J. P. Brockbank observes, that the play serves a purpose for the audience- â€Å"In fear we acquiesce in the littleness and powerlessness of man, and in pity we share his sufferings and endorse his protest. †

Course reflection Essay Example for Free

Course reflection Essay I have learned so much during this course that helped me get a better understanding of the writing process. A few of the concepts that helped me the most were keeping an error log, and reading my assignments out loud. The first concept I will address in this discussion is also the most important guidance I have received since starting at Ashford. My instructor, Dr. Wells, advised me in week 1, that I might want to keep an error log. What that is, is writing down the mistakes I make in my assignments, quizzes, and discussions. After writing these errors down, find the correct spelling or the grammatical rule I broke, write the correct answer, and then study and learn from these mistakes. This technique has helped me the most since starting at Ashford. As a writer, I have always been a big proofreader of my work. I would sometimes look over my papers several times before submitting them. Most of the times I would catch 90% of my errors, not all the time though. I learned that reading your paper out loud can also improve your proofreading. Sometimes just looking over a paper isn’t enough. When you hear the writing though, you can hear what others will be hearing. I would catch small errors because the sentence didn’t sound right or it was a run on sentence. These are things I would sometimes miss just reading my paper. Out of all the course materials I have read and studied, I believe 2 of the most valuable were chapters 4-3, Essentials of College Writing, and The Ashford Writing Center. In the Essentials of College Writing, 4-3 The Writing Process, showed me different techniques to use for writing an essay. Some of these ideas were plan, generate ideas, create a rough draft, revise, edit, and proofread and check format. This book taught me the value of making an outline and the importance of planning. It always helps to be prepared and have an idea of what you’re writing before you write it. The Ashford Writing Center has really made a big impact on my writing style. I was having so much trouble with APA formatting and how to insert citations, that I would lose percentage points on my work. After skimming through this text, I found in chapter 7-1 an instructional video that showed me step by step how to use APA format. In the same book, chapter 7-3, Citations and References, this taught me the proper way to insert my citations. There is also a thesis generator in this text in chapter 3-3, this has been one of the biggest helps to me in my writing process. The areas and that I believe have improved the most, and that I will continue to work on are my spelling and punctuation. The error log has helped with my spelling and punctuation but I still sometimes make careless mistakes. Though these areas have improved a lot, I will continue to work on these areas.

The Automated Teller Machines

The Automated Teller Machines Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) have gained prominence as a delivery channel for banking transactions in India. Banks have been deploying ATMs to increase their reach. As at the end of December 2007 as per the RBI circular, the number of ATMs deployed in India was 32,342. More people are now moving towards using the automated teller machines (ATM) for their banking needs. According to a survey by Banknet India, 95% people now prefer this modern channel to traditional mode of banking. Almost 60% people use an ATM at least once a week. Increased ATM usage is also helped by the fact that customers have now the flexibility of using ATMs of other banks, as most of the banks are part of major interbank networks like National Financial Switch (NFS), Mitr, BANCS, Cashtree and Cashnet. The interbank networks have brought together ATMs of several banks so that consumers would gain access to any of the participating banks ATMs. Banks find it cheaper to pay membership fees to these networks as against setting up additional units in expensive-to-deploy areas. ATMs are now seen to be more than mere cash dispensing machines. Customers use ATMs to recharge their mobile phone pre-paid connections, pay their utility bills, even mutual fund transactions making them at par with flexibility given in internet banking only more secure. Of the value-added services provided at ATMs, bill-payment is the most used service, followed by prepaid mobile talk-time recharges. However, still about one third of the respondents do not use any value added services at ATMs. The ATM market in India is not yet saturated. Though the concentration of ATMs is greater in metros, the demand is increasing for other cities and even rural areas. ATMs per million people approximately is 33 units is very low. Experts forecast that the growth rate (CAGR) is expected to grow 18 percent up by 2013. Banks going into a self service model can have huge saving potential for banks and may also increase the convenience for the customers. Following is a representative trend taking into account the growth in the number of ATMs in three of the largest Indian banks: ATM Supply Chain Network Activities Following are the major activities carried out as part of the ATM supply chain or in supporting the ATM services of a bank Maintenance Activities Site Telecommunication Link Cash Refilling ATM Monitoring Handling Customer Complaints Reconciliation of Cash And Interbank Transactions Following is a sample ATM Supply chain network: Bank Head Office ATM Vendors Outsourced Agent Bank Branch 1 Bank Branch 2 ATM As can be seen from the network above, the major participants in the ATM supply chain network are: ATM Vendors If the bank ATM and the related IT infrastructure is outsourced then; the ATM infrastructure is operated and maintained by the ATM vendors for a fees. It provides the advantages of cost efficiency and scalability for the banks Outsourced Delivery agents They are the ones who supply cash to the ATMs. They either have a Vault Cash account where the vendors themselves maintain some cash balance or they have an Overdraft Account with the Bank itself, which gets debited after each withdrawal and credited after the deposit at the ATM. Bank Branches These are the Bank branches in-charge of the various ATMs in a particular area Bank Head Office This is the main office branch of a bank in a particular city or district ATM supply chain IT infrastructure ATM Infrastructure Information flow Delivery Channel Coordinator Switch Network Outsourced Delivery Agents Card Issuers Server ATM Information flow for cash withdrawal and for Credit Cards Information flow for cash replenishment MIS Info ATM It interfaces with the switch network to exchange cash withdrawal, cash replenishment and credit card information Outsourced Delivery Agents They receive information from the delivery channel coordinators to replenish the ATM cash Delivery channel coordinator They receive cash replenishment and MIS information from the switching network. There is always more than one ATM under each Delivery channel coordinator to take advantage of the economies of scale. Also, the channel ordination can be either manually managed or automated. Switch Network The switch server authenticates the user, as well as exchanges cash replenishment related information with the individual ATMs Card Issuers Server The banks host server interacts with the switch network to obtain card withdrawal and credit card information while at the same authenticating the credit card transaction from the Card Issuers Server Delivery Channels Delivery channels are medium for information transmission or cash transmission in a banking context. They are also known as touch-points, which deliver service to the end-user in his convenience. The primary medium of touch-point was the brick-mortal form of banking. However as time passed, and information technology proliferated banks were able to extend the touch-points to various other forms such as: Automated Teller Machines (ATM) Point of Sale (POS) Mobile Banking Internet Banking The delivery channel innovation was started by private banks foreign banks after the 1991 reforms when many banks were allowed to carry out operations in India. Advantages of Delivery Channels Deliver channels provide the following benefits to users Easy access 247 availability Security, Reduced transaction costs Options of access per convenience Acceptance Implementation Old generation banks with little or marginal systems have acceptance issues with the disruptive technologies of internet. The acceptance issue also comes with many of the old generation customers who believe in losing the personal touch of banking. Implementation issues center around the following: Centralization of Data Multiple technologies for different systems Security issues (Customer end/Banking end) Multiple interface for different channels Synchronization of information across channels Currency Distribution Banks need to maintain a certain level of cash in order to service its daily withdrawals. There is an entire supply-chain in place which helps in ensuring the same. Below is a diagram of how money travels from the press to the various banks ATM Presses/Mints Public Press-linked offices Currency Chest offices (Banks) An overview of the supply-chain of Banks The presses and mints where notes and coins are printed are under the RBI. The money from the mints and presses is moved daily to the 19 press-linked offices. These are sent to the nearby zonal currency-chest banks, essentially Banks which store current called as Chest offices. There are in all 4279 chests and 4040 coin depots. Functions of the Chest office Fulfills the requirement of peoples funds Withdrawal and acceptance of unfit notes Payments to Governments Operates with minimum balance at all times Each day the records are maintained for the issue/acceptance of currency. It also has to maintain the asset-liability position in cash management. Currency in Circulation Just as a manufacturing supply chain deals with product varieties also known as SKUs, the currency supply chain also has its SKUs through various denominations. The shift towards higher denominations was observed since the wide-usage of ATMs. Various steps were also taken to phase out Rs .5/- notes and replacing with coins for many such low denominations Source:RBI Docs, Currency Management, Section VIII, Dt. 27/08/2009 Clean-Note Policy To ensure the life of currency notes, RBI issued a directive to all bank offices to cease the stapling of notes and instead band them and the soiled notes be returned to RBI. But devalued stapled notes were still lying with banks. IT systems were used to create a Currency Verification Processing (CVP) system. This categorized notes into Fit, Unfit, Reject and Suspect categories. A Citizens charter was also issued providing guidelines on how to identify soiled notes and steps to be taken to return to RBI. However due to implementation issues kept the proportion of soiled notes in circulation from 15.9 million pieces (2002-03) to 10.9 million (2008-09). Logistics Distribution Challenges Each bank generally arranges for personal logistics service with police protection. Security vans are used for short-distances and train for longer distances. The extent and size of the country poses a significant problem in meeting need for currency at various pockets in India. Following are some of the issues faced in distribution Security availability of railway wagons Political boundaries that inefficiently defining jurisdiction of Issue offices which lead to suboptimal logistic services Moving currency across touch-points an exercise that is avoidable is generally carried out Private security is not desirable and police cant be dedicated for this exercise Various existing distribution systems of milk-cooperatives, post-offices, coin-dispenser mechanisms and a directive to issue bulk users with a certain proportion of coins was made. Supply Challenges With 4 printing presses, supply after 1999 was not a problem, but the pace of notes replacement made quality of notes deteriorate. Since the notes that were returned came unsorted there were inefficiencies in understanding the outflow of currency from system. In order to develop capacities to free-up vault space in banks various measures like shredding systems in all offices were setup. Demand-forecasting among banks Banks carry out demand-forecasting using statistical analysis using long-term historical demands to calculate forecasts. These aim to serve the following needs: Incremental needs As and when money is needed by RBI, the presses supply Replacement needs Money is needed to replace specific notes, which are soiled or disfigured Reserve needs Emergency requirements to fulfil reserve requirements by banks Technology in Currency Operations With such a vast network of banks, the Reserve Bank established Integrated Computerized Currency Operations and Management Systems (ICCOMS) which helped in error-free reporting and accounting of chest-level transactions. Security in distribution and ATM Security is increasingly becoming more significant in network environment with the emergence of the internetworking technology. The internetworking technology can act as or provide the communication channels across networks so that machines in different networks can talk to each other. But such kind of technologies like ATM is exposed to all kinds of attacks in such an accessible environment. Most of the network technologies, without integrating with security mechanism originally, are being redesigned to provide some security services. ATMs attempts to be secure by keeping the customers personal identification number (PIN) and other information safe by using encryption software such as Triple DES (Data Encryption Standard) Threats to ATM networks Like other such networks, ATM networks suffer a lot of threats like eavesdropping, spoofing, service denial, VC stealing and traffic analysis etc. And VC stealing and traffic analysis happen only in ATM networks. Eavesdropping Eavesdropping refers to the threat that the attacker connects or taps into the transmission media and gain an unauthorized access to the data. It is one of the most common attacks to the network. Service Denial ATM technology is a connection-oriented technique managed by a set of signals. By sending some anti-signals frequently, the attacker can disturb the communication between user A and user B to a great extent which can disable the Quality of Service(QoS) in ATM. Combining this technique with other tricks like eavesdropping, the attacker can even completely block one user from another. Stealing of VCs If two switches in an ATM network compromise, the attacker can even steal a VC from another user. Some argue that possibility of compromising of the switches is quite low but that is true only if the ATM network is owned by one organization. But this is not the case today since in ATM internetworking, in which case cells travel through different ATM networks, it becomes very easy for two switches to compromise. Traffic Analysis Its a kind of threat in which a hacker can get information by collecting and analyzing the information (not the actual content of communication) like the timing, volume and about the parties communicating through a Virtual Circuit. Encryption effects only the content and not the timing and volume of the communication. So gaining access to even these can reveal a great deal of information to an attacker. Generally this attack doesnt happen but can happen when ATM is used in a highly stringent and securitised environment. Major requirements/functions of an ATM security system User Identity Verification: The system should have the facility to establish and verify the identity of all the users and players in an ATM network. Controlled Access and Authorization: The system should ensure that any player without authority to gain access to some information or resources should not be able to access it. Protection of Confidentiality: Every data that is stored or used in communication should be kept classified. Protection of Data Integrity: Guarantee regarding the integrity of the stored communicated data should be given by the Security system. Strong Accountability: The system should ensure that No entity is able to deny the responsibility of its any of the actions or efforts carried out by her. Activities Logging: The security system should support the capability to retrieve information about security activities in the Network Elements with the possibility of tracing this information to individuals or entities. Alarm reporting: Provision of generation of alarm notifications regarding certain selective events related to security. Audit: Provision of analysing of data logged into the system in case of any security violation so that required measures can be used and checks can be installed. Security Recovery: Provisions of recovery from successful or attempted security violations. Security Management: Proper management of the security services required as a part of above requirements. Suppliers of cash main source: Central bank The most important requirement of an ATM is one major motive behind the technology i.e. making money easily available to the customers. Traditionally there have been a number of suppliers of cash starting from unorganised money lenders in the past to the modern banks today. A bank is a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and gives loans to customers using those deposits. Can be commercial or retail banking or the money can be lend either directly to the customer or also through the use of markets. Banking channels Apart from their branches, bank offers many different channels to access their banking and other services. Among these, few channels help the customers in carrying out transactions without the involvement of real cash. These are E- Mail, Telephone, Call banking, Mobile and Video banking etc. In addition to all these channels, banks provide a source of real cash called ATM through a machine that dispenses cash and sometimes takes deposits without the need for a human representative from bank side. Major source of money: Central Bank A central bank is a banking institution with an exclusive privilege to lend to its government. It behaves both as a normal commercial bank wherein it charges interest on the loans made to borrowers, majorly the government of the country the bank exists for and also as a lender of last resort wherein it lends to the banks when situation is not too good or as a part of the statutory requirements. But Central bank has a monopoly on creating the currency of that nation and it is the kind of bank that can lend money to other banks in times of need. It is the major source of money in a market and acts as the regulator of money supply too. Security in Distribution on and ATM Security is increasingly becoming more significant in network environment with the emergence of the internetworking technology. The internetworking technology can act as or provide the communication channels across networks so that machines in different networks can talk to each other. But such kind of technologies like ATM is exposed to all kinds of attacks in such an accessible environment. Most of the network technologies, without integrating with security mechanism originally, are being redesigned to provide some security services. ATMs attempts to be secure by keeping the customers personal identification number (PIN) and other information safe by using encryption software such as Triple DES (Data Encryption Standard) Major requirements/functions of an ATM security system User Identity Verification: The system should have the facility to establish and verify the identity of all the users and players in an ATM network. Controlled Access and Authorization: The system should ensure that any player without authority to gain access to some information or resources should not be able to access it. Protection of Confidentiality: Every data that is stored or used in communication should be kept classified. Protection of Data Integrity: Guarantee regarding the integrity of the stored communicated data should be given by the Security system. Strong Accountability: The system should ensure that No entity is able to deny the responsibility of its any of the actions or efforts carried out by her. Activities Logging: The security system should support the capability to retrieve information about security activities in the Network Elements with the possibility of tracing this information to individuals or entities. Alarm reporting: Provision of generation of alarm notifications regarding certain selective events related to security. Audit: Provision of analysing of data logged into the system in case of any security violation so that required measures can be used and checks can be installed. Security Recovery: Provisions of recovery from successful or attempted security violations. Security Management: Proper management of the security services required as a part of above requirements. Suppliers of cash main source: Central bank The most important requirement of an ATM is one major motive behind the technology i.e. making money easily available to the customers. Traditionally there have been a number of suppliers of cash starting from unorganised money lenders in the past to the modern banks today. A bank is a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and gives loans to customers using those deposits. Can be commercial or retail banking or the money can be lend either directly to the customer or also through the use of markets. Banking channels Apart from their branches, bank offers many different channels to access their banking and other services. Among these, few channels help the customers in carrying out transactions without the involvement of real cash. These are E- Mail, Telephone, Call banking, Mobile and Video banking etc. In addition to all these channels, banks provide a source of real cash called ATM through a machine that dispenses cash and sometimes takes deposits without the need for a human representative from bank side. Major source of money: Central Bank A central bank is a banking institution with an exclusive privilege to lend to its government. It behaves both as a normal commercial bank wherein it charges interest on the loans made to borrowers, majorly the government of the country the bank exists for and also as a lender of last resort wherein it lends to the banks when situation is not too good or as a part of the statutory requirements. But Central bank has a monopoly on creating the currency of that nation and it is the kind of bank that can lend money to other banks in times of need. It is the major source of money in a market and acts as the regulator of money supply too. nation and it is the kind of bank that can lend money to other banks in times of need. It is the major source of money in a market and acts as the regulator of money supply too. Demand Projections for ATMs Most ATMs are connected to international bank networks, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank or country where they have their account. Serving the ATMs network is a costly task: it takes employees time to supervise the network and make decisions about cash management and it involves high operating costs (financial, transport, handling, insurance etc.). As interest rate rises and greater operating efficiencies become paramount. Some banks typically maintain as much as 40% more cash at their ATMs than whats needed, even though many experts consider cash excess of 15% to 20% to be sufficient. Cash related costs represent about 35-60 % of the overall costs of running an ATM. Through currency management optimization, banks can avoid falling into the trap of maintaining too much cash and begin to profit by mobilizing idle cash. Effective currency management and control starts with an automated solution that uses advanced algorithms to accura tely predict currency supply and demand, allowing banks to forecast demand and pro-actively manage currency throughout their network. Transportation and servicing cost increase can be substantial for banks. To achieve the lowest cost of distribution based on accurate supply and demand forecasting and optimization procedures is critical for a bank to lower its operational expenses and improve the return on its cash assets. What is expected of a forecast model of the ATM network is that it simulates historical demand by using data from actual cash-in transactions and cash-out transactions. The historical demand model is overlaid with additional factors, such as paydays, holidays, and seasonal demand in a specific area. Analytical models are aligned with the experience of resources that have intimate knowledge of the banks daily operations and are used to determine the optimum cash amount for each ATM by calculating the transport and money upload costs against interest rates. Cash drawings are subject to trends and generally follow weekly, monthly and annual cycles. An appropriate model for a bank and its branches or ATMs should estimate optimal amount of stocked money plus efficiently manage and control day-to-day cash handling, transportation with reducing of currency transportation and servicing costs. The system should be flexible enough to allow the bank to reforecast future demand, perform WHAT IF analyses, and optimize the network as the cash distribution environment evolves. Cash demand forecast for every ATM is based on linear regression models with seasonality coefficients. The development of such models is relatively complicated and differs for various ATM. Therefore preparation of forecasting models for whole ATM network is difficult task for owners of machines. The parameters of forecasting models are determined in the system implementation stage and are held constant during the operation phase. However, business environment changes continually in real world and, therefore, the model parameters must be also adapted to the changing environment. A recent paper on the optimization techniques proposes the use of artificial neural networks combined with existing what-if analysis tools and simulation modelling procedures. This advanced method will handle the drawbacks of simple regression models but will be more accurate in projecting the demand. Off-late a few advanced software packages developed by traditional financial network giants like Visa are also available that provide powerful cash management facility. Publicly available data regarding these software packages suggest that they also use multi-regression models for prediction purposes. Network optimization models for cash distribution to various ATMs are also important to reduce the costs across the supply chain. In the first instance, it can be very valuable to coordinate cash uploading and service procedures while visiting the ATM network. Coordinated route planning for maintenance of various ATMs could also reduce the ATM networks management costs significantly. Issues in Currency Identification Counterfeit currency notes is one of the biggest problems that are currently plaguing the cash distribution network. A lot of people suffer from this while withdrawing cash from an ATM when they inadvertently receive a fake note in a bundle of proper bills. It is difficult to prove accountability in case of such an incident and fix blame. Of the 48,963 million pieces of currency in circulation in 2009 398,111 pieces were found to be counterfeit. RBI has come with a set of recommendations to be implemented across the distribution network that forms the supply chain of cash distribution to check counterfeit, maintain quality of notes in circulation, strengthening of security systems and procedures and fixing accountability in case of human error. These recommendations are as given below: (A) Measures for facilitating detection of counterfeit notes and maintaining quality of notes in circulation (i) Note Sorting Machines (NSMs) / Desktop Sorters may be installed in all bank branches in a phased manner for early detection of counterfeit notes. (ii) Banks may ensure the quality of the notes fed in ATMs. They may conduct periodic audit of the agents used for outsourcing this activity viz. the CIT companies. Banks may switch over to the cassette swap system for feeding the ATMs. New ATMs installed may be provided with in built note detectors. Over a period existing ATMs may also be required to have in built note detectors. (iii) Performance parameters of NSMs may be standardized by RBI to ensure that all NSMs installed adhere to the laid down standards for detection of counterfeit notes. (iv) RBI may ensure that the plan for withdrawal of notes of old series is implemented strictly as formulated and that the new series of banknotes with more robust security features be introduced as early as possible. RBI may also facilitate R and D efforts for development of new security features. (v) Where any person inadvertently in possession of counterfeit notes upto five (5) pieces tenders the same at a bank counter, the requirement of filing FIR may be done away with. A simple report may be filed with the branch which in turn may include this in the Counterfeit Currency Report (CCR) to FIU-IND / RBI. (vi) RBI may review the system of incentives and disincentives for detection and disclosure of counterfeit notes while assisting the enforcement agencies in dealing appropriately with those involved in making and distribution of counterfeit notes. (B) Measures relating to cash holding and distribution (vii) RBI may stipulate suitable cash holding limits for all currency chests beyond which the cash should necessarily be moved to a chest with larger limits or to RBI. (viii) Each RBI office may undertake a review of the requirement of currency chests in their jurisdiction based on the volume and nature of transactions, accessibility of the chest and other factors including security so as to rationalize the number of chests and upgrade the facilities thereat for better security and efficiency. (ix) To tap advantages arising out of economies of scale, minimize overnight cash risks at bank branches and to benefit from sophisticated logistics techniques banks may be encouraged to establish Currency Processing Centres, which should be permitted to charge other banks for processing services. (x) As NSMs have to be installed at all branches for sorting notes before dispensation, banks will have to make necessary investments. The cost of such investments will need to be recovered from the bulk tenderers of cash. Banks may put in place a transparent policy for such charges of cash handling/processing with the approval of their respective boards as already advised by RBI vide its DBOD directive DIR.BC.86 / 13.10.00 dated September 7, 1999. (xi) RBI may take initiatives in promoting use of cards and electronic means of payment. (C) Measures for strengthening security systems and procedures (xii) RBI may explore enlisting the services of a specialized and dedicated force / other approved agencies to provide security at chests and for movement of treasure. (xiii) RBI may explore upgradation of the security systems in currency chests and RBI vaults incorporating electronic bio-metric access, electronic locking of bins, and surveillance through Closed Circuit Television (CCTVs). Networking of CCTVs at chests within the jurisdiction of a controlling office of the bank may be explored for better surveillance. (xiv) Tamper-proof shrink wrapping of soiled notes with bar coding of details of the branch remitting them may be introduced. (xv) A system of quarterly security audit of currency chest branches by controlling offices may be introduced. Comprehensive guideline / format may be prepared by RBI /IBA. (xvi) A system of risk based inspection of currency chests may be introduced by banks / RBI taking into account various parameters for evaluating the extent of risk. (xvii) Banks may draw up a contingency plan / disaster management plan in consultation with local police. (xviii) RBI may explore the possibility of introducing a defacing system of self inking / marking of banknotes in transit or in chests, which would automatically trigger-in if there is an attack / attempted robbery/ theft etc. (D) HR Measures (xix) Banks may modify their transfer pricing policy or equivalent policy so as to pass on the benefit on account of having a currency chest to the branch where the chest is maintained. (xx) Rotation of staff posted at currency chests may be ensured to prevent vested interest and entrenched non adherence of laid down systems and procedures. (xxi) Where deviations and irregularities are found, controlling offices may take immediate punitive action after fixing accountability. (xxii) Bank may accord recognition to currency handling operations as a sensitive and skilled activity and provide necessary incentives and training. A. Dis

The Hypocrisy of Religion in Moby Dick Essay -- Moby Dick Essays

The Hypocrisy of Religion in Moby Dick Stubb decides to give Old Fleece a lecture on religion after waking him to complain about his overcooked whale steak. Not only does Stubb ask Fleece to "preach" to the sharks who are making a considerable din eating the dead whale chained to the ship, but he compares Fleece's inability to "correctly" cook a whale steak to Fleece's un-Christian ways. This passage is an excellent example of the theme of the hypocrisy of religion in Moby Dick. Before Stubb calls on Fleece, Ishmael compares the actions of the shark to the actions of man. He first compares Stubb to the sharks: "Nor was Stubb the only banqueter on whale's flesh that night. Mingling their mumblings with his own mastications, thousands on thousands of sharks, swarming round the dead leviathan, smackingly feasted on its fatness" (Melville ___). By comparing Stubb to a shark, Ishmael portrays him as beastly and uncivilized, two traits that contradict the Christianity he professes and ministers to Fleece. Two more references are made to solidify the comparison; Ishmael describes the "smacking" of Stubb's "epicurean lips," and Stubb himself says he prefers his whale steak the way the sharks prefer it. Next, Ishmael alludes to the bond between sharks and man in general. "The few sleepers below in their bunks were often startled by the sharp slapping of their tails against the hull, within a few inches of the sleepers' hearts" (___). This line poses contradiction; how can the tails of the sharks be within inches of the crew's hearts in the tails are slapping the hull of the ship, for the hull of a whaleboat would be much wider than a few inches. What Ishmael means when he says "within a few inches of the sleepers' hearts" is... ...es of Stubb, he is being ordered to perform a number of tasks, including bowing to Stubb. Religion is nothing more than a hierarchy, where those in power are able to use others in the name of religion. Fleece never shows any sign of relief or enjoyment at being a Christian now; in fact, he seems to have gone through the conversion just so Stubb would let him go to bed. As Fleece walks away from Stubb, he mutters to himself, "Wish, by gor! whale eat him, 'stead of him eat whale. I'm bressed if he ain't more of shark dan Massa Shark hisself" (___). This is the culmination of the scene, where Fleece spells out that sharks, savage beasts without religion, and Stubb, a cultured Christian, are quite similar. This makes Stubb a hypocrite, and his Christian belief system questionable. Works Cited Mellville, Herman. Moby Dick. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1964.

My Grandmother Essay -- English Literature

My Grandmother This poem explores the relationship between the speaker and her grandmother. It focuses on the remorse and guilt she felt - and perhaps does still feel - about the way she behaved towards her on one occasion, and can be seen as an attempt to exorcise this. The poem is divided into four parts: the first stanza describes her grandmother working in the shop; the second the incident which causes her guilt; the third stanza shows her in retirement. In the final stanza, after her grandmother has died, the speaker reflects on herself and her grandmother's life. The first stanza sets the scene - the antique shop reflects the character and life of the grandmother. The words 'it kept her' suggest that it seems, to the speaker, her only reason for living; the grandmother's concern is with surface appearance ('polish was all') not with deep human feelings ('there was no need of love'). Her solitariness is suggested in the fact that it is only 'her own reflection' she sees reflected in the antiques; it is these she lives 'among', not people. The antiques themselves create an oppressive atmosphere - they are 'faded' and 'heavy' in this stanza, and in the final stanza the 'tall/ Sideboards and cupboards' in the 'long, narrow room' take on the air of coffins. Even the sounds of the words the speaker uses contribute - the sibilants in 'the brass/ Salvers and silver bowls' are unwelcoming to the reader, and perhaps betray her disapproving attitude to the shop. But to the grandmother the antiques have great importance. They are 'needed', though never 'used' - they are a substitute for human company, a replacement for love. She takes pride in her possession of them; the speaker's 'wish not to be used/... ...think that the women is treating the girl like she was an antique; "It was perhaps I think a wish not to be used like antique objects ...." In stanza three I think that you can see all the memories actually being revealed to the grandchild; "All her best things in one tong narrow room" It gives us the sense that after she had passed away now the guilt is just kicking in and the old women's life has just began to open. In the very last stanza I think that the very last chapter in the old women's life is beginning to come to an end. Nothing is left in memory of her: "..and no finger marks were there" I think that now her life is over and that her family have been excluded, their lives have had a fundamental change and new dust had just began to settle over the rather cold possessions she seemd to value over her children and grandchildren.

An Innocent Man Wronged in Oleanna Essay -- David Mamet

Sometimes there are events in our lives that we cannot control. These events occur, more or less, due to our own actions. Sometimes, however, we must come to terms with our inability to handle certain situations and also to reach our goals. These events are facts of life everyone: some people can't run as fast, or lift as much, or write as well. It is during these times that we must focus on what we can do well, and try to direct our goals around those features that make us good at something. In David Mamet's Oleanna, John loses his job and his house due to Carol's ignorance, lack of self-confidence, and overall inability to come to terms with her own short-comings as a student. This play epitomizes an act of complete degradation based solely on one individual's failure to accept that she just might not be good at school--or at least John's class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an attempt to help a young student named Carol, a professor named John loses his house and his job. All of the blame rests on Carol's shoulders, for it was she that allowed her delusions of grandeur and success (being without the necessary skills to attain them) to ruin the life of man who has dedicated his life to helping students do just that. Carol's ignorance plays a big role in this tragedy. From the very beginning of this play, it is apparent that Carol does not understand the information given in class, but it is her unwillingness to even try that makes her at fault. "People who came here. To know something they didn't know†¦To be helped†¦So someone would help them (12)." Carol is begging John to understand that she is stupid. She doesn't want help in the sense that someone might want help writing a paper. She wants it hand fed to her, and education is a process that involves the teacher pointing the way, not carrying someone to the end. Carol' s misconceptions of how college is supposed to work can only be result of not having been exposed to the realities of higher education, but I believe that she just doesn't have the skills she needs to succeed. "Nobody tells me anything. And I sit there†¦in the corner. In the back (14)." This is an example of the total lack of motivation that Carol has to learn. Her ignorance leads her to believe that a college education is supposed to hand fed. She just sits there, in the back, without an attempt to even try to learn on her own. We all need help form time to tim... ...hool. They have lived their lives fearing that the system of education has decided that they are failures. This group has only one goal, and that is to succeed. Their success, however, has a price. Those people who stand in the way re their enemies. John's fate was a result of Carol finding this group, and allowing them to use her as a pawn in their own sick, twisted agenda. All the members of this group suffer from the same illness that ails Carol: ignorance, lack of self-confidence, and an ability to cope with their own shortcomings as students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carol represents a group of people that are the destruction of the higher education system. Their complete disregard for societal structure cost a good teacher his job and his home. It seems that today, when we are unable to get what we want by earning it, we have to destroy and tear down the barriers in our way. This is exactly what Carol does, and the manner in which she executes her plan would leave most students to wonder: why even try? Works Cited Mamet, David. Oleanna: A Play in Two Acts. The Best Plays of 1992-1993. Eds. Otis L. Guernsey, Jr. and Jeffrey Sweet. New York: Limelight, 1993. 150-164

Moving towards a cashless society Essay

In history there was no money but people used to evaluate commodities in monetary terms. People used to make trade of goods for goods that could be estimated to have same monetary value as waved. The person who wanted to buy some commodity could make estimates of the commodity the seller has and compare its value in terms of worthiness to the commodity of exchange. Money was later invented as a tangible form that includes paper and coin. Transactions were all handled in monetary value and different currencies were also put in place for different nations. Different rates were also set up to be able trade efficiently on different currencies. Cash became the day to day ways of trading were one had to have paper money so that they could be able to acquire whatever they want. Banks were developed for easier and safe storage so that no one could get hold of in illegally. Cash or money has the following advantages like that the mode of payment is easier and simple because no so much transactions are made. Counterfeit money is also easy to detect and systemic risks are hardly a problem. There is no paper trail and is a peer to peer mode of payment. It also introduced lots of problem like theft and counterfeiting of paper cash. This led to the revolutionary of cashless society by introduction of cheques where people no longer carry cash but writes cheques that authorizes withdrawals and payments in terms of cash. (Thorndal, 1994) Traditionally deposits have been used for payments at a distance. Deposits can be transferred in a number of ways: payer initiated transfer, direct debit, standing order, check, credit card. With distance to distance payments or mode of trade the demand for are more fast and effective ways of communication and trade came into place. The introduction of ATM card was introduced by the banks to enhance trade. People no longer had to carry cash but could make withdrawals through these cards. The electronic cash system came into place where people can buy things over the internet using cards as a form of electronic commerce. This electronic cash system involves use of cards that have been categorized as credit cards, electronic cash and smart cards. The credit cards involve creating an encrypted channel for use of cards for internet like VISA or MasterCard. Electronic cash uses specially designed software where customer buys electronic cash for digital wallet then sends as payment to merchant. Examples are DigiCash and CyberCash. Smart cards include contact less and swap cards like MasterCard, Visa, Quicklink, VisaCash, Protonn and Danmont. The growth of payment cards reflects their attractiveness to consumers over other forms of payment and credit. Payment cards offer consumers numerous benefits, including better management of one’s expenses, improved recordkeeping, greater shopping convenience, reduction of the risk of theft, float for those who do not revolve balances, rewards from use of cards that are available for additional purchases, and, especially for debit cards, convenience in obtaining cash. I first discuss these benefits and then consider the benefits of payment cards when used to obtain credit. (Wallace, 1983) Payment cards allow consumers to manage their money better by making it possible to anticipate, plan, and match their obligations to their available funds. The payment cards allow consumers to smooth out unexpected expenditures such as car repairs or family emergencies . Payment cards also reduce the costs of record keeping and retaining individual receipts. Checks also offer this advantage but payment cards do not require the additional inconvenience of recording in and then rebalance a checkbook. Payment cards can also reduce the time and transaction costs associated with shopping. Advances in technology have dramatically increased the speed of processing card transactions which are now substantially faster than writing checks. If the ATM is outside of the consumer’s network the consumer must pay a fee to withdraw the money. In contrast transactional users of payment cards pay nothing to use their card. Transaction errors, such as receiving too little or too much change, are also probably higher with cash than with electronic payment card transactions. Another advantage of payment cards is that payment cards can be used in a wide variety of outlets hence helping both consumers and merchants. (Krueger, 1999) Some Debit cards, PIN or online cards allow consumers to withdraw additional cash beyond the price of the purchase for which the card is used thus saving the use of ATM. Unsecured personal finance loans are expensive with much higher initiation fees than credit cards. Credit cards are attractive for consumers for both cost and convenience. General purpose credit cards have also substantially displaced retail store credit. We have also so many disadvantage of using payment cards. One of this disadvantage in that they are risky for customers because they cay be incur fraud easily. People can use your card and pin number once known to withdraw or use your money. Credit cards are also expensive to acquire because they are costly. Payment cards are only acceptable by registered merchants and hence are not applicable everywhere. Card users also incur high interchange fee and cost while transacting using this payment cards. (Prinz, 1999) Specific regulations need to make a cashless society of cards work smoothly. Regulation in the payment card need to be set due to the claim of interchange fees are too high and as a result reduces consumers to overuse payment card. Interchange fees arose from the structure of the Visa and MasterCard networks. Visa adopted a fixed interchange fee which was not linked to the merchant discount charged by individual acquirers. A uniform fee reduced the transaction costs of negotiating separate interchange fees between acquirers and issuers and eliminated the difficulties that issuers faced in monitoring in the merchant discount set by the acquirers. Visa and MasterCard reduced the interchange fees charged to supermarkets hence reducing the merchant discount. Some regulations were also imposed on regulating card frauds that many banks face. Fraud card detectors have been setup and laws governing the enactment of the card fraud have been set to punish those fraudsters. The winners of the cashless society are the consumers or users of the cards because they have been absorbed from the risk of physical theft of money. Even though there are fraudsters, the users are not exposed to so much risk of theft. Card users can effectively purchase things online regardless of the distance because all transactions are done to the and at a very high speed. The losers are the merchants or company providing this services because the have to incur all the expenses of setting up this technology and infrastructure. Lastly they incur the problem of making all transactions possible regardless the distance and parties involved. The merchants incur all this cost and expenses in this cashless society. (Buiter, 2005) Reference Buiter, W (2005): New developments in monetary economics: Economic journal, Vol. 115 Thorndal, J. (1994): Prepaid cards and monetary Review: – Danmarks Publishers Krueger, M. (1999): Towards a Moneyless world: Dept of Economics and finance: University of Durham Press Prinz, A (1999): Money in the real and Virtual World: Netnomics journal. Wallace, N (1983): A suggestion for oversimplifying the theory of money: Economic journal

Important Quotes About Science Essay

A. form and Effecta. means/end Is acquirement means to what?b. assumptions and antecedents what does precede scientific query?c. Implications and Consequences what will follow from respectablely pathological scientific interrogation?B. Contrasta. focus/opposition what is the tension existing amid ethics and scientific question? b. contradiction in termss What is the contradiction between preserving ethics and developing scientific research? c. paradox What is paradox intact in preserving ethics and developing scientific research?C. Changea. evolutionary What kinds of dislodges screwing evolve with lore? b. extremist ar revolutionary changes involved with science? c. growth/decay Is the scientific research growing nowadays?D. determinea. ethical/moral Is reckless scientific research ethi withdrawy right? b. practical does the scientific research deplete practical places? c. social How do social opinions transmute between ethics and science? d. governmental what doe s the politics support between these devil? e. spiritual/metaphysical what is the spiritual value of science?E. Form/structurea. glib vs. deep what is the relationship between dilettanteish appearance and deep signifi displacece in scientific research? b. form vs. sound Why people are ever calling for more scientific study?ThesisPeople should pursue scientific research until the point at which individual rights are not severely violated and objectsbeing animals or humans or whatever they might beare not physically and mentally injured. The overture of science, which is the pursuit of fellowship, is the primary value by itself.Important quotes1. Verhooga. If one wanted to delegate intrinsic value to animals, one should move to argue by analogy that vertebrate animals had conscious experiences as well. b. yes-but policy goes together with a consequentialist approach in ethics. c. The change from yes-but to no-unless is change from a consequentialist to a deontologist ap proach. d. With this naked as a jaybird interpretation of intrinsic value it stop be argued that the production of transgenic animals by miscegenation species-barriers violates the nature or integrity of the animals involved, eventide if there is no indication of distress by the modified animal. e. The experience exposit here shows that it is very difficult to amalgamate science and ethicsbut the essential scientists themselves seem to have great reservations in developedly doing it.f. Between the responsibility of the scientist as scientist and the responsibility of the scientist as citizen. g. Ethical discourse, on the other hand, is said to be subjective, to consensus. in that location is no objective foundation upon which consensus in ethics should be grounded. h. Two things plunk for in the way of further integration, the scientists self-image of science as objective, and the complementary visualize of ethics as totally subjective. i. veracious reason outs approac h-it is based upon the radical that in prescriptive decision-making a specific kind of reason is involved, in which, beside factual elements, normative exposit play a role. j. An important publication of this view of ethical reasoning is that both facts and values are treated as rationally comprehensible, having inter-subjective meaning.k. The argument that, in actual social practice, contextual values come in with constitutive values in many a(prenominal) parts of science is not enough. l. abstracted to separate science from ethics, as dickens totally independent spheres of life, is to deny that the scientist is archetypal of all a moral agent, with a moral responsibility for what she/he is doing in a social context. m. Another reason is that human attitudes toward nature and towards animals are ever-changing rather rapidly from the attitude of dominion and steward to that of partner of nature. n. Splitting up the world into facts and values, into science and ethics, is no t a logical necessity.2. Allena. There can be no higher, better, more trustworthy ascendence rough the direction of acquaintance than intimacy. b. The kindred modernization that destroyed the idea of interdict association also destroyed that idea of responsibility for knowledge. c. What continues to make us pliable is our capacity to change, and what guides that change so remote as it is guided and not left-hand(a) up to change, is knowledge. d. The low value of working(a) how-to-knowledge in contrast to contemplative knowledge of the truth. e. Knowledge is already as swell as it gets.f. Knowledge which it is veto to test is already known by those who ought to know. g. It mustiness therefore be sinful to explore knowledge you do not have, and it is forbidden to do so. h. This futile curiosity masquerades below the name of science and learningfor the same reason men are entrust to in undershirtigate the secrets of nature, which are irrelevant to our lives, although such knowledge is of no value to them and they adjure to gain it merely for the sake of knowing. i. For the adept, the vest knowledge is not contemplative knowledge of truth, but effective, available knowledge well-tried by trials and perfected through experiences. j. The operational knowledge they esteem is powerful, excellent, rare, and should not be mistreated by allowing it to become parking area or usual.k. The regime of forbidden knowledge has reappeared among our secular, scientific, orthodox, lacking only the candor to call itself what it is. Knowledge today is not cloacked in hermetic secrecy, though its circulation is jealously restrained by institutional, administrative, disciplinary, and professional restrictions. Out academic-technoscientific Gordian is an unfortunately obvious example of the overbold amoral regime of forbidden knowledge. l. Codification collective monopoly, bureaucratic administration have in this way destroyed knowledge, laid it to redundanc y for the sake of tighter control. m. What modern science scattered in the way of an ethics of knowledge was compensated by the gain in objectivity, credibility, reliability, and rigor.n. Double injustice to the adept, whose knowledge it unjustly discredits, and to our knowledge, which it endows with a methodological certitude it does not have. o. Rather than an extra-scientific prohibition we should think about how scientific training undermines any dissilient moral sense students may have of their responsibility for the knowledge entrusted to them. p. No prohibition, no forbidding of knowledge can set about to address a problem that can only be solved through changes in practice, peculiarly in education, especially in the universities and polytechnic institutions. q. If authority wins, knowledge will not merely be forbidden but corrupted, wasted, and lost.3. Mckeea. The current American policy is dangerous for many reasons. intimately obviously, it will lead to policies being utilize that are simply wrong, with potential unfavorable consequences for human health. b. The history of twentieth atomic number 6 provides many examples. But equally badgering is its impact on public trust. composition the situation in the linked state is nothing like that in the United States, politicians tainted by the distortion of evidence on subjects such as mad cow disease and the war in Iraq face difficulties persuading a skeptical population of the safety of the measles, epidemic parotitis and rubella vaccine.

Organizational Structure and Culture Essay

Knowledge Mastery of facts, slog of training in subject matter bea. Skills Proficiency, expertness, or readiness in given area e.g., science, art, crafts. Abilities Demonstrated movement to use knowledge and skills when call for.KSA DefinitionsInter get(prenominal) SkillIs certified of, replys to, and considers the aims, feelings, and capabilities of separates. Deals with conflicts, confrontations, disagreements in a positive dash, which minimizes personal collision, to entangle imperative ones feelings and reactivenesss. Deals usefully with others in both complaisant and unfavorable homes regardless of situation of sentiment. Accepts interpersonal and cultural diversity.Team SkillEstablishes in effect(p) urinateing dealinghips among team members. Participates in solving fusss and make purposes. communicationsPresents and expresses ideas and entropy clearly and concisely in a appearance subdue to the audience, whether oral or written. Actively listens t o what others are saying to achieve lowstanding. Shares discipline with others and facilitates the grant ex falsify of ideas and randomness. Is open, honest, and straightforward with others.Planning and OrganizingEstablishes courses of action for ego to execute specific goals e.g., establishes action plans. Identifies need, ar moulds for, and obtains resources needed to accomplish witness goals and objectives. Develops and uses introduce systems for monitoring own build progress. Effectively usesresources such as magazine and discipline.Organizational Knowledge and CompetenceAcquires dead-on(prenominal) instruction concerning the inseparable representation components, the missions of each applicable organisational social unit, and the track syllabuss in the agency. Interprets and utilizes training about the formal and informal organization, including the organisational structure, functioning, and relationships among units. Correctly identifies and draws upon sou rces of entropy for reward.Problem firmness of purpose and Analytical dexterityIdentifies existing and potential chores/issues. Obtains applicable discipline about the problem/issue, including recognizing whether or non more information is needed. Objectively evaluates relevant information about the problem/issue. Identifies the specific cause of the problem/issue. Develops recommendations, bring forths and evaluates alternative course of action, selects courses of action, and follows up.JudgmentMakes well think and timely findings ground on careful, objective round off and informed analysis of available considerations and factors. Supports decisions or recommendations with accurate information or crystalline thought.Direction and MotivationSets a beneficial example of how to do the job demonstrates personal equity, responsibleness, and account expertness. Provides advice and assistance to help others accomplish their work. Directs/motivates self. determinationIden tifies when spry action is needed, is willing to make decisions, render designs, and distribute action. Accepts responsibility for the decision, including sustaining effort in spite of obstacles.Self-Developmentaccurately evaluates own put to deathance and identifies skills and abilities astargets of training and learning activities connect to current and future job requirements. Analyzes pay career status. Sets goals curt and/or long term. Identifies available resources and methods for self-improvement. Sets pictorial time frames for goals and follows up.FlexibilityModifies own behavior and work activities in response to in the altogether-sprung(prenominal) information, changing conditions, or un evaluate obstacles. Views issues/problems from polar perspectives. Considers a wide range of alternatives, including sophisticated or creative approaches. Strives to recognise actions that are acceptable to others having differing trip ups.LeadershipAbility to make in good order decisions based on perceptive and analytical processes. Practices good judgment in gray areas. Acts decisively.KSA Definitions General supervisory/Manager CompetenciesProblem Solving and Analytical AbilityIdentifies existing and potential problems notes, understands, and includes the critical elements of problem situations obtains and evaluates relevant information demonstrates awareness that overbold and/or surplus information sources are required notes interrelationships among elements identifies possible causes of the problems recognizes the need to shift to an alternative course of action including advance(a) or creative approaches and bewitchly terminates information assembly and evaluation activities.Planning and OrganizingIdentifies requirements allocates, and efficaciously uses information, personnel, time, and other resources requirement for mission accomplishment establishes appropriate courses of action for self and/or others to accomplish specific goals deve lops evaluation criteria and tracking systems for monitoring goal progress and accomplishment and specifies objectives, schedules, and priorities.DecisivenessMakes decisions, renders judgments, and takes action on difficult or sore tasks in a timely fashion, to include the appropriate communication of both negative and positive information and decisions.JudgmentDevelops and evaluates alternative courses of action makes decisions based on correct assumptions concerning resources and guidelines supports decisions or recommendations with selective information or reasoning defines and implements solutions to problems and recognizes when no action is required.Communication SkillPresents and expresses ideas and information effectively and concisely in an oral and/or written mode listens to and comprehends what others are saying shares information with others and facilitates the open ex adjustment of ideas and information is open, honest, and straightforward with others provides a compl ete and timely explanation of issues and decisions in a manner appropriate for the audience and presents information and hearty in a manner that gains the agreement of others.interpersonal SkillIs aware of, responds to, and considers the require, feelings, and capabilities of others fill outs effectively with others in favorable and unfavorable situations regardless of their status or position accepts interpersonal and cultural differences manages conflict/confrontations/ disagreements in a positive manner that minimizes personal impingement, to include controlling ones own feelings and reactions and provides appropriate support to others.Direction and MotivationMotivates and provides direction in the activities of others to accomplish goals gains the respect and confidence of others appropriately assigns work and potence to others in the accomplishment of goals provides advice and assistance as required.supervisory role PerformanceDisplays knowledge of the roles, responsibiliti es, and duties of supervisors and managers accurately assesses the squeeze upon others of role performance and supports and shape ups organisational decisions, policies, programs, and initiatives such as EEO and Affirmative Action.Specialty Competence reads and appropriately applies procedures, requirements, regulations, and policies watch overs credibleness with others on specialty matters uses appropriate procedures or systems in the operation and/or faculty purlieu as the position requires.Organizational KnowledgeDemonstrates knowledge of the discussion sections or agencys organizational components, the missions of each relevant organizational unit, and the principal programs in the organization.LeadershipEstablishes work standards and expectations for self and others. Appropriately assigns/delegates work and authority to others in the accomplishment of goals. Keeps goals and objectives in bunch at all times, monitors progress toward goals, and works to reduce barriers and obstacles. Provides coaching, advice, and assistance as required e.g., helps subordinates overcome obstacles and deal with problems. Appropriately assesses contributions and p performance of employees provides appropriate recognition, and deals with problems as they arise. Instills in others a sense of pride in the job at hand.Executive Core Competencies error correction codeerror correction code 1Leading Changeerror correction code 2Leading PeopleECC 3Results drivenECC 4Business AcumenECC 5 mental synthesis Coalitions/CommunicationsECC 1 Leading ChangeThis inwardness capacity encompasses the expertness to develop and implement an organizational lot which commixs notice national and program goals, priorities, values, and other factors. inbred to it is the might to balance change and continuity to continually strive to improve customer service and program performance inside the basic government framework, to progress to a work environment that encourages creative thin king, and to maintain emphasis, intensity and persistence, even under ruin. bring out Characteristics1. practice session leading and motivating managers to incorporate visual sensation, strategical planning, and elements of fictional character concern into the full range of the organizations activities encouraging creative thinking and innovation influencing others toward a spirit of service designing and implementing crude or cutting edge programs/processes. 2. Identifying and integrating key issues affect the organization, including policy-making, economic, social, technological, and administrative factors.3. Understanding the roles and relationships of the components of the state or regional insurance policy qualification and implementation process, including the Governor, legislature, the judiciary, local governments, and busy groups and formulating effective strategies to balance those interests legitimate with the business of the organization. 4. existence open to change and new information tolerating ambiguity adapting behavior and work methods in response to new information, changing conditions, or unexpected obstacles adjusting rapidly to new situations warranting attention and resolution. 5. Dealing effectively with pressure maintaining decoct and intensity and remaining persistent, even under adversity recovering quickly from setbacks.6. Displaying a naughty level of initiative, effort, and commitment to public service being proactive and movement-oriented being self-motivated pursuing self-development seeking feedback from others and opportunities to master new knowledge.Leadership CompetenciesCreativity and Innovation Develops new insights into situations and applies innovative solutions to make organizational improvements creates a work environment that encourages creative thinking and innovation designs and implements new or cutting-edge programs/processes.Resilience Deals effectively with pressure maintains focus and intens ity and remains optimistic and persistent, even under adversity. Recovers quickly from setbacks. Effectively balances personal life and work. persistent Learning Grasps the essence of new information master new technical and business knowledge recognizes own strengths and weaknesses pursues self-development seeks feedback from others and opportunities to master new knowledge.Service Motivation Creates and sustains an organizational culture which encourages others to provide the quality of service of the essence(p) to high performance. Enables others to acquire the tools and support they need to perform well. Shows a commitment to public service. Influence others toward a spirit of service and meaningful contributions to mission accomplishment. immaterial Awareness Identifies and keeps up to date on key national and international policies and economic, political, and social trends that affect the organization. Understands near-term and long-range plans and determines how best to be positioned to achieve a matched business advantage.Strategic Thinking Formulates effective strategies consistent with the business and competitive strategy of the organization. Examines policy issues and strategic planning with a long-term perspective. Determines objectives and sets priorities anticipates potential threats or opportunities.Flexibility Is open to change and new information adapts behavior and wok methods in response to new information, changing conditions, or unexpectedobstacles. Adjust rapidly to new situations warranting attention and resolution.Vision Takes a long-term view and acts as a catalyst for organizational change builds a shared vision with others. Influences others to translate vision into action.ECC 2 Leading PeopleThis core competency involves the ability to design and implement strategies which maximise employee potential and foster high honorable standards in refering the organizations vision, mission, and goals.Key Characteristics1. Provid ing leadership in setting the workforces expected performance levels commensurate with the organizations strategic objectives inspiring, motivating, and guiding others toward total accomplishment empowering people by sharing power and authority. 2. Promoting quality through with(predicate) effective use of the organizations performance management system e.g., establishing performance standards, appraising staff accomplishments victimization the developed standards, and victorious action to reward, counsel, or invite out employees, as appropriate.3. Valuing cultural diversity and other differences genteelness an environment where people who are culturally respective(a) can work together cooperatively and effectively in achieving organizational goals.4. Assessing employees unique developmental involve and providing developmental opportunities which maximize employees capabilities and contribute to the achievement of organizational goals developing leadership in others through c oaching and mentoring. 5. Fostering commitment, team spirit, pride, trust, and group identity taking travel to prevent situations what could result in painful confrontations. 6. R3solving conflicts in a positive and constructive manner this includes promoting labor/management partnerships and dealing effectively with employee relations matters, attending to morale and organizational climate issues, intervention administrative, labor management, and EEO issues, and taking disciplinary actions when others means impart not been successful.Leadership CompetenciesConflict worry Identifies and takes steps to prevent potential situations that could result in nasty confrontations. Manages and resolves conflicts and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner to minimize negative jolt.Integrity/Honesty Instills coarse trust and confidence creates a culture that fosters high standards of ethics behaves in a fair and ethical manner toward others, and demonstrates a sense of c orporate responsibility and commitment to public service.Cultural Aw3areness Initiates and manages cultural change inside the organization to impact organizational effectiveness. determine cultural diversity and other individual differences in the workforce. Ensures that the organization builds on these differences and that employees are treated in a fair and equitable manner.Team Building Inspires, motivates, and guides others toward goal accomplishments. Consistently develops and sustains cooperative running(a) relationships. Encourages and facilitates cooperation within the organization and with customer groups fosters commitment, team spirit, pride, trust. Develops leadership in others through coaching, mentoring, rewarding, and guiding employees.ECC 3 Results controlThis core competency stresses accountability and continuous improvement. It includes the ability to make timely and effective decisions and produce results through strategic planning and the implementation and evaluation of programs and policies.Key Characteristics1. Understanding and appropriately applying procedures, requirements, regulations, and policies related to specialized expertise collar linkages between administrative competencies and mission needs keeping current on issues, practices, and procedures in technical areas. 2.Stressing results by formulating strategic program plans which assess policy/program feasibility and include realistic short and long-term goals and objectives. 3. Exercising good judgment in structuring and organizing work an setting priorities balancing the interests of clients and readily readjusting priorities to respond to customer demands. 4. Anticipating and identifying, diagnosing, and consulting on potential or unfeigned problem areas relating to program implementation and goal achievement selecting from alternative courses of corrective action, and taking action from developed contingency plans.5. Setting program standards holding self and others a ccountable for achieving these standards acting decisively to modify them to promote customer service and/or quality of programs and policies. 6. Identifying opportunities to develop and commercialise new products and services with or immaterial of the organization taking risks to pursue a recognised earn or advantage.Leadership competenciesAccountability Assures that effective controls are developed and maintained to pick up the integrity of the organization. Holds self and others accountable for rules and responsibilities. Can be relied upon to chink that projects within areas of specific responsibility are correct in a timely manner and within budget. Monitors and evaluates plans focuses on results and measuring attainment of outcomes.Entrepreneurship Identifies opportunities to develop and market new products and services within or foreign of the organization. Is willing to take risks initiates actions that involve a mensurable risk to achieve a recognized benefit or a dvantage.Customer Service Balancing interests of a variety of clients readily readjust priorities to respond to pressure level and changing client demands. Anticipates and meets the need of clients achieves quality end-products is pull to continuous improvement of services.Problem Solving Identifies and analyzes problems distinguishes between relevant and irrelevant information to make logical decisions providessolutions to individual and organizational problems.Decisiveness Exercises good judgment by making sound and well-informed decision perceives the impact and implications of decisions makes effective and timely decisions, even when data is limited or solutions produce unpleasant consequences is proactive and achievement oriented.Technical Credibility Understands and appropriately applies procedures, requirements, regulations, and policies related to specialized expertise. Is able to make sound hiring and swell resource decisions and to address training and development n eeds. Understand linkages between administrative competencies and mission needs.ECC 4 Business AcumenThis core competency involves the ability to acquire and administer adult male, financial, material, and information resources in a manner which instills public trust and accomplishes the organizations mission, and to use new technology to enhance decision making.Key Characteristics1. Assessing current and future staffing needs based on organizational goals and budget realities. Applying sound human resource principles to develop, select, and manage a diverse workforce. 2. Overseeing the parceling of financial resources identifying cost-effective approaches establishing and assuring the use of home(a) controls for financial systems. 3. Managing the budgetary process, including preparing and justifying a budget and run the budget under organizational and legislative procedures understanding the marketing expertise necessary to ensure appropriate sustenance levels. 4. Overseeing procurement and contracting procedures and processes. 5. Integrating and set up logistical operations.6. Ensuring the efficient and cost-effective development and usage of management information systems and other technological resources that meet the organizations needs understanding the impact of technological changes on the organization.Leadership CompetenciesFinancial direction Demonstrates broad understanding of principles of financial management and marketing expertise necessary to ensure appropriate funding levels. Prepares, justifies, and/or administers the budget for the program area uses cost-benefit thinking to set priorities monitors expenditures in support of programs and policies, Identifies cost-effective approaches. Manages procurement and contracting.Technological Management Uses efficient and cost-effective approaches to integrate technology into the workplace and improve program effectiveness. Develops strategies exploitation new technology to enhance decisi on making. Understands the impact of technological changes on the organization.Human Resource Management Assesses current and future staffing needs based on organizational goals and budget realities. Using merit principles, ensure staff are appropriately selected, developed, utilized, appraised, and rewarded takes corrective action.ECC 5 Building Coalitions/CommunicationThis core competency involves the ability to explain, advocate and express facts and ideas in a win over manner, and negotiate wit5h individuals and groups internally and externally. It also involves the ability to develop an expansive professional network with other organizations, and to identify the internal and external politics that impact the work of the organization.Key Characteristics1. Representing and speaking for the organizational unit and its work e.g., presenting, explaining, selling, defining, and negotiating to those within and outside the office e.g., agency heads and other government executives cor porate executives Department of administrative Services budget officials legislative members and staff the media governors office clientele and professional groups making clear and convincing oral presentations to individuals and groups listening effectively and clarifying information facilitating an open exchange of ideas. 2.Establishing and maintaining working relationships with internal organizational units e.g., other program areas and staff support functions approaching each problem situation with a clear perception of organizational and political reality using contacts to build and strengthen internal support bases getting understanding and support from high level management.3. Developing and enhancing alliances with external groups e.g., other agencies or firms, state and local governments, legislature, and clientele groups engaging in cross-functional activities finding common ground with a rig range of stakeholders. 4. Working in groups and teams conducting briefings and othe45r meetings gaining cooperation from others to obtain information and accomplish goals facilitating win-win situations. 5. Considering and responding appropriately to the needs, feelings, and capabilities of different people in different situations is tactful and treats others with respect. 6. Seeing that reports, memoranda, and other documents hypothesise the position and work of the organization in a clear, convincing, and organized manner.Leadership CompetenciesInfluencing/Negotiating Persuades others builds consensus through give and take gains cooperation from others to obtain information and accomplish goals facilitates win-win situations.Partnering Develops networks and builds alliances, engages in cross-functional activities collaborates crossways boundaries, and finds common ground with a widening range of stakeholders. Utilizes contacts to build and strengthen internal support bases. social Skills Considers and responds appropriately to the needs, feelings, and capabilities of different people in different situations is tactful, compassionate and sensitive, and treats others with respect.Political Savvy Identifies the internal and external politics that impact the work of the organization. Approaches each problem situation with a clear perception of organizational and political reality recognizes the impact of alternative courses of action. spoken Communication Makes clear and convincing oral presentations to individuals or groups listens effectively and clarifies information as needed facilitates an open exchange of ideas and fosters an atmosphere of open communication.Written Communication Expresses facts and ideas in writing in a clear, convincing and organized manner.